PhDino ("the Site," "we," "us") provides engineering calculators, diagrams, and educational reference content ("the Wiki") for learning and general informational purposes only.
This is not professional engineering advice. The calculations, formulas, diagrams, and Wiki articles on this Site are simplified, teaching-oriented tools. They are not a substitute for:
Do not use this Site's outputs as the sole basis for any structural, mechanical, electrical, or geotechnical decision affecting safety, property, or compliance with law. Formulas implemented here are simplified for educational clarity and, in places, intentionally approximate — see the Wiki article linked from each calculator for the specific method used and its stated limitations.
No warranty. The Site and its content are provided "as is," without warranty of any kind, express or implied, including but not limited to accuracy, fitness for a particular purpose, or non-infringement. Formulas, default values, and unit conversions may contain errors.
Limitation of liability. To the fullest extent permitted by law, Andrea Coppola shall not be liable for any direct, indirect, incidental, consequential, or special damages arising from use of or reliance on this Site or its content, including but not limited to property damage, personal injury, or financial loss.
Verify independently. Any user relying on this Site for real-world engineering work is responsible for independently verifying all inputs, formulas, and outputs against authoritative sources and, where appropriate, a licensed professional.
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